Credit Scores: The Report Card for Grown Ups

Credit reports are a lot like school report cards.  Both measure how well you are performing using various numerical grades, such as a 4.0 or a 750, and both have to be approved by a person in charge, whether it is a parent or a home lender.

If you’re not a straight A student in Credit 101, here are some tips for making the grade during the home buying process.

1. Types of Credit:   The three most important types of credit are mortgages, student loans or other installment loans, and auto loans.  Credit bureaus place the most weight on these three types of loans when determining credit score. As such, late payments on these are the most detrimental to credit scores.
2. Credit Cards:   Credit bureaus want to see credit card usage, just not too much. The balance from revolving debt, such as credit cards, should not exceed 40% of the maximum amount.  For example, if your credit card limit is $1,000, try to keep the balance below $400.  The goal is to keep the debt to available credit limit ratio low, even if that debt is spread across a few credit cards.  It is better to have two credit cards with balances below 40% of the limit, than to have one card that is always maxed out.  In reference to multiple credit cards, the optimal number of credit cards to have is 3 to 4. 
3. Credit Score Criteria:   Lenders use stricter criteria when pulling credit reports for potential home buyers.   As a result, there is often a small difference between the borrower’s individual score and the lender’s score.  For example, a potential home buyer pulls their credit score with Experian and sees that their score is 700.  It is possible that the lender’s credit report for the borrower may show only 680.  The small discrepancy is related to the type of credit inquiry, explained below.
4. Credit Inquiries:   Credit inquiries are another factor that affects credit scores.  Inquires can be from various types of creditors, and are often classified as either “hard inquires” or “soft inquires”.  Soft inquires are those that are not being reviewed by a prospective lender.  These include checking your own credit, or credit checks made by businesses to offer you goods or services. Hard inquires are those that are reviewed by a potential lender for the purpose of extending your credit for a loan.

Having your credit pulled too often, and by too many different types of creditors will lower your scores.  The credit bureaus do not view “applying for everything” as a responsible decision. The only exception is if you are rate shopping.  Credit bureaus understand that while rate shopping you may have your credit report pulled by various lenders in a short amount of time, so they rarely give you a hit on your score.

For more information about your credit “report card” and how it is used during the home buying process, please call Stuart directly at 410.491.0200 or email at septstein@baybankmd.com.